Lothal

An important center of Harappan culture in Gujarat. Lothal is 80 km from Ahmedabad situated between Bhogavo and Sabarmati rivers on the outskirts of Sargwala village in Dholka taluk of Ahmedabad district. is far away Geographical location 22° 31´ N. A. and 72° 15´ N. Ray At one time the sea was 5 km from this place. was away Now more than 18 km away. The site was discovered in November 1954 and from 1955 to 1962 Dr. S. R. Excavation was done under the guidance of Rao.This year marks the fiftieth anniversary of Lothal's excavations. The oval mound here has a circumference of 2 km and a height of 3.5 m. is Initially, the Talman of Lothal Nagar is rectangular. It expanded gradually in all directions. 13 m of green brick for the purpose of protecting the town against frequent floods. A thick wall was built. A total of seven groups of houses have been identified. The upper kot is planned in the shape of a parallelogram. To the east of the fort there is a lock gate, to the south is a wakhar and to the north and west are other public and private houses.Wakhars were located very close to Dhakkani and the ruler's residence to facilitate inspection of imported goods. Clusters of houses, shops or factories have been recovered from Lothal. Each mass was protected from flooding by mud brick pithikas. On either side of the market road were two or three room shops and sometimes four to five rooms of the rich. The size of the room was 6 x 3 m and its walls were 1/2 m. was thick

An important architectural work of the people of Lothal is the thrust here to anchor the ship. This is Lothal's invaluable contribution to world civilization in the field of marine engineering and engineering. This thrust is 215 m. Long, 38 m. wide and about 1 m. is deep. Its inner walls are built with bricks. It was built strong enough to withstand the surge of water during high tides. e. P.O. This is just a spur of the third millennium.The Lothal thrust was more developed than the Phoenician and Roman thrusts. On the north and south side spans were kept for entry and exit routes respectively. The minimum water level is estimated to be about 2 m at high tide and about 3 to 3.5 m at high tide. Drainage of excess water at high tide was provided through an outlet on the south side.When the water level is low, the Nirgamdwara is closed by placing wooden planks in the vertical grooves made on both sides of the Nirgamdwar. With this system, the necessary storage of water could be maintained. Due to this ships could be kept afloat. Ships weighing 75 tons can enter the shoal when the surface is 2 meters. The Lothal thrust was much larger than the modern thrusts of Mumbai and Visakhapatnam. e. P.O. A flood in 1900 destroyed this thrust

Looking at the planning of the residential buildings, it is seen that public cleanliness was well thought out here. Sewage from residential bathrooms was discharged through private drains into public drains or cisterns. Where there is no system of pits, pits with holes in the bottom were buried in the ground. Waste water goes into it and gets absorbed into the soil.The routes here were set. The roads were wide enough for two vehicles to pass. Highways run in major directions. The longest route was to the main market. It is 4.5 m. is wide. The paths pass in a straight line and intersect each other at right angles.

The people of Lothal made great progress in the field of various arts and crafts. His achievements in sculpture, pottery, metallurgy, carving of gold and silver ornaments etc. are visible. Bronze cast work was prevalent. Copper figures of two dog figures, a bird-headed stick, a rabbit and a rooster have been recovered. Clay was used for fine art. Clay sculptures of men, women and animals have been found.Sculptures of women appear to be very dull. Mixed figures with animal head and human body have also been found. Among the animal figures, the figures of rhinoceros, bull, cow, sheep, horse, boar, dog and gorilla are worth mentioning. The pottery is red and brown in colour. Jam, beaked cup (beaker), saucer, horse saucer, circular cleaver or 'S' shaped jar, plate, tagaru, pavala with perforated ears, tall cylindrical perforated jar etc. have been recovered. Red corpses with abrakha are also involved.Painting is seen on some vessels. The art of micro-carving is seen in the mudras found at Lothal. A variety of animal figures are engraved on the mudras. Almost busses more stamps and stamps have been received. There is no human figure on any of them.

The people of Lothal were very fond of wearing ornaments. Ornaments such as bangles, pendants, bangles, rings, rings and bangles have been recovered. The use of pearls in ornaments was high. Beads were made from semi-precious stones, gold, copper, faience, agate, shell and ivory. Remains of a bead factory room have also been found. Gold beads are known for their fine craftsmanship. Some beads are smaller than 0.12 cm in length, yet strong.128 mm made of ivory for linear measurement. long, 15 mm. wide and 6 mm. A thick bar is obtained. Tools and weapons made from copper and its alloys. Implements and weapons such as spear-heads, daggers, arrow-heads, bladed axes, pointed axe, chisels, edged shards, saws, needles, piercing needles, curved saws have been found. Reports received indicate that a game of chess was being played at that time.

The cemetery was outside the wall surrounding the town near the river. Based on the burials, we get an idea of ​​the burial practices of the time. 21 skeletons have been discovered. Most of these skeletons belong to the age group of 20 to 30 years. In one of the three paired burials, a man and a woman were buried together. Thus, it seems that this is a burial custom similar to sati practice. A boy aged around 9 to 10 years of age was apparently subjected to an incision on his skull. This is perhaps the world's oldest example of decapitation.

E. at Lothal. P.O. Soon after the great flood of 1900, the people here may have started living in rozdi. Lothal's civilization dates to c. P.O. 2450 to 1900 is considered.